Multi-keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data

Multi-keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data Now a days cloud computing has become more popular, so more information possessors are actuated to their information to cloud servers for great convenience and less monetary value in data management. However, sensible information should be encrypted before outsourcing for public. In this paper the problem of a secure multi-keyword search on cloud is solved by using encryption of data before it actually used. Which are continuously supports dynamic modify operation like insertion and deletion of the documents. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Ranked based search, Download frequency, Multikeyword search, Encrypted cloud data, Synonym query. Introduction Cloud computing has become new model which handles large resources of computing. Services provided by the cloud computing is storage and on demand services, both the individuals and organizations are motivated to the cloud. Instead of purchasing software and hardware devices. Cloud provides secure online storage and there is no loss of data, the data is available at anytime and anywhere. Paper shows the general approach for data protection is to encrypt the data by using AES algorithm. The simple method for downloading data is decrypts it locally, because consumers want to search needed data rather than all. In this way it is essential to investigate a productive and successful search benefit over encrypted outsourced information. The current search approaches like ranked search, multi-keyword search that empowers the cloud clients to locate the most pertinent information rapidly. It likewise decreases the system activity by sending the most important information to client asks. However, in genuine search situation it may be conceivable that client searches with the equivalent words of the predefined keywords not the correct keywords, because of absence of the clients correct information about the information. LITERATURE SURVEY Zhangjie Fu, Xingming Sun, Nigel Linge and Lu Zhou [2] proposed a successful way to deal with take care of the issue of multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud information supporting synonym queries. To address multi- keyword search and result positioning, Vector Space Model (VSM) is utilized to build document index that is to  state, each document is communicated as a vector where each dimension value is the Term Frequency (TF) weight of its comparing keyword. Another vector is additionally produced in the question stage. The vector has a similar dimension with document index and its each dimension value is the Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) weight. At that point cosine measure can be utilized to register comparability of one document to the search inquiry. To enhance search proficiency, a tree-based index structure which is an adjust paired tree is utilized. C. Wang, N. Cao, J. Li, K. Ren, and W. Lou [3] developed the Ranked search that increases system usability by returning the relevant files in a ranked order.(e.g., keyword frequency). In this state-of-the-art searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) security definition used for increasing its efficiency. They have also proposed the existing cryptographic primitive, order preserving Symmetric encryption (OPSE) for searching matching files. W. Sun, B. Wang, N. Cao, M. Li, W. Lou, and Y. T. Hou [5] proposed a method to address the problem of similarity-based ranking is privacy-preserving multi-keyword text search (MTS) scheme. They also presented the search index based on the vector space model, i.e., cosine measure, and TF IDF weight to achieve high level of search accuracy and to support a multi-keyword queries with search ranking functionalities. PROBLEM STATEMENT Many associations and organizations store their more significant data in cloud to protect their information from infection and hacking. The advantage of new computing is it looks deeply for cloud clients. Rank search enhances framework ease of use by ordinary coordinating records in a ranked arrange with respect to certain importance criteria (e.g. Keyword and download frequency). As straight forwardly outsourcing significance scores will trickles a great deal of delicate data against the keyword security, to solve this problem we proposed asymmetric encryption with ranking consequence of query information which will give just expected information. Proposed System Fig. 1. System Architecture of Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data. Keyword Expansion To enhance the accuracy of search results, the keywords are removed from outsourced content documents required to be stretched out by regular synonyms or comparable words, as cloud customers, searching information may be the synonyms of the predefined keywords. Upload Encrypted Data After expansion of keywords the data owner assist data with encrypting the document utilizing AES Algorithm and after that upload the encrypted document to the cloud for storage reason. This permits data owner to store their secret key in extremely secure way without presenting it to the clients of framework. For this, secret key is put away again in encrypted frame. Search Module This module helps clients to enter their query keyword to get the most important documents from set of uploaded documents. This module recovers the documents from cloud which coordinates the query keyword. Rank Generation In data recovery, a positioning capacity is as a rule used to assess relevant scores of coordinating documents to a demand. The rank capacity in view of the term recurrence (TF) and converse document recurrence (IDF) is utilized as a part of expanded organize i.e. TF-IDF. Additionally this framework gives client most mainstream documents for their keywords by examining history of most downloaded documents for specific inquiry keywords. Download Ranked Results Clients can download the resultant arrangement of documents just if he/she is approved client who has allowed consent from data owner to download specific document. Owner will send encrypted secret key and session key to client to decrypt the document. Methodologies AES algorithm AES is an iterative instead of Feistel cipher. It depends on substitution-permutation network. It contains an arrangement of linked operations, some of which include supplanting inputs by particular yields (substitutions) and others include rearranging bits around (permutations). Strangely, AES plays out every one of its calculations on bytes instead of bits. Steps for AES algorithm: Create a random key for symmetric encryption of user facts. Encrypt the records the use of this random key. Encrypt the random key the use of asymmetric encryption. Send the encrypted message and the encrypted key to the receiver of searched results. Henceforth, AES treats the 128 bits of a plaintext obstruct as 16 bytes. These 16 bytes are organized in four columns and four rows for preparing as a matrix. TF-IDF TF: TF (t) = (Number of times term t appears in a document) / (Total number of terms in the document). IDF: IDF (t) = log_e (Total number of documents / Number of Documents with term t in it). CONCLUSION The multi-keyword ranked methodology results in the more effective search handle which diminishes the network traffic and download bandwidth. It gives back the precisely matched documents, and also the records which incorporate the terms semantically significant to the question keyword. It offers fitting semantic separation between terms to achieve the question keyword expansion. The encryption has been executed to ensure the security also, efficiency of information, before it is outsourced to cloud, and gives protection to datasets, indexes and keywords. REFERENCES [1] Zhihua Xia, Xinhui Wang, Xingming Sun, Qian Wang,A Secure and Dynamic Multi-keyword Ranked Search Schema over Encrpted Cloud Data, IEEE Transactions On Parallel And Distributed Systems,Vol:PP No:99 ,Year 2015 [2] Zhangie Fu, Xingming Sun, Nigel Linge, Lu Zhou, Achieving Effective Cloud Search Services: Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data Supporting Synonym Query, IEEE Transactions On Consumer Electronics, Vol 60, No. 1, February 2014 [3] C. Wang, N. Cao, J. Li, K. Ren, and W. Lou, Secure ranked keyword search over encrypted cloud data,Proceedings of IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 253-262,2010. [4] Q. Chai, and G. Gong, Verifiable symmetric searchable encryption for semi-honest-but-curious cloud servers, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸12), pp. 917-922, 2012. [5] W. Sun, B. Wang, N. Cao, M. Li, W. Lou, and Y. T. Hou, Privacy preserving multi-keyword text search in the cloud supporting similarity based ranking, ASIA CCS 2013, Hangzhou, China, May 2013, ACM pp. 71-82, 2013.

Econ 561 Profit Analysis Question 2 LO3 Essay

2-8(Key Question) With current technology, suppose a firm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also, assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 units of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. If the firm can sell these 400 units at $2 per unit, will it continue to produce banana bread? If this firm’s situation is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow to or away from this bakery good? Total Profits = Total Cost – Total Revenue Total Cost = Presource * Qresource and Total Revenue = Price * Qsold Total Cost = ($40 * 5 units of labor) + ($60 * 7 units of land) + ($60 * 2 units of capital) + ($20 * 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability) = $200 + $420 + $120 + $20 = $760. Total Revenue = $2 * 400 loaves of banana bread = $800. Total Profits = $800 – $760 = $40. The firm will continue to produce as it is earning economic profits. If this firm is typical of the banana bread industry, more resources will flow toward banana bread as other potential firms are attracted to the economic profits in the industry. 2-9 (Key Question) Assume that a business firm finds that its profit it greatest when it produces $40 worth of product A. Suppose also that each of the three techniques shown in the table on page 43 will produce the desired output. Resource Units Required Resource Price per unit of resource Technique 1 Technique 2 Technique 3 Labor Land Capital Entrepreneurial ability 4 a.With the resource prices shown, which technique will the firm choose? Why? Will production entail profit or losses? What will be the amount of profit or loss? Will the industry expand or contract? When will that expansion end? b.Assume now that a new technique, technique 4, is developed. It combines 2 units of labor, 2 of land, 6 of capital, and 3 of entrepreneurial ability. In view of the resource prices in the table, will the firm adopt the new technique? Explain your answer. c.Suppose that an increase in labor supply causes the price of labor to fall to $1.50 per unit, all other resource prices being unchanged. Which technique will the producer now choose? Explain. d.â€Å"The market system causes the economy to conserve most in the use of those resources that are particularly scarce in supply. Resources that are scarcest relative to the demand for them have  the highest prices. As a result, producers use these resources as sparingly as is possible.† Evaluate this state ment. Does your answer to part c, above, bear out this contention? Explain. (a)The firm will choose technique 2 because it produces the output at the least cost ($34 compared to $35 for techniques 1 and 3). Economic profit will be $6 (= $40 – $34), causing the industry to expand. Expansion in this industry will continue until prices decline to where total revenue equals total cost of $34 and no additional firms will want to enter the industry. (b)The firm will adopt technique 4 because its cost is now lowest at $32. (c)The firm will choose technique 1 because its cost is now lowest at $27.50. (d)The statement is logical. Increasing scarcity of a resource causes its price to rise. Firms ignoring higher resource prices will become high-cost producers. Firms switching to the less expensive inputs become lower-cost producers and earn higher profits than high-cost producers. The market system, therefore, forces producers to conserve on the use of highly scarce resources. Question 9c confirms this: Technique 1 was adopted because labor had become less expensive. 2‑10(Key Question) Some large hardware stores such as Home Depot boast of carrying as many as 20,000 different products in each store. What motivated the producers of those individuals to make them and offer them for sale? How did producers decide on the best combinations of resources to use? Who made these resources available, and why? Who decides whether these particular hardware products should continue to be produced and offered for sale? The quest for profit led firms to produce these goods. Producers looked for and found the least-cost combination of resources in producing their output. Resource suppliers, seeking income, made these resources available. Consumers, through their dollar votes, ultimately decide on what will continue to be produced.

The Pitfall of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples

The Pitfall of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples The Hidden Treasure of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples When people online aren't polite, they don't fret about their tone in any way, and it offends people. Even though the writer's ideas are usually understandable, the constraint of language is often immature. If you find a point that resonated, then keep this in mind while you score yourself. The second point, that making connections is a kind of thinking which can be taught, can't be proven until the very first point has been sufficiently supported. Through such resources, you are going to discover the precise meanings of words in addition to knowledge about the content of what you're reading. Here are a few suggestions for strategies to use this resource effectively. When you have your resources assembled, you may not be sure how to use them. Similar resources are available on the internet or as computer computer software. What You Should Do About 2007 Ap Language Te st Essay Samples Starting in the Next Eight Minutes One of the absolute most helpful things is to just become knowledgeable about the format of the exam and the types of questions that you may be asked. There are a lot of ways away from the classroom to guarantee success on the spring exam. To have the ability to score yourself be a greater score, your support has to be thorough. You don't need to find every question correct to get the maximum score (800) for the test. It can only raise your score. If you wish to track your scores, you can earn a totally free account with Varsity Tutors, but it's not essential in order to access the quizzes. One way to boost your score is to at all times analyze the questions which you get wrong on the practice tests. Ok, I Think I Understand 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples, Now Tell Me About 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples! All the questions within this section have equal price. A couple of reviewers do note that if you're already a cozy Japanese-speaker, you might use this guide to get ready for the test by brushing up on test-taking practices. The results page provides you with feedback that may help you produce your very own distinctive AP English study guide, and also comprises each of the helpful metrics you receive from the normal practice tests. Sample responses to every one of the questions are given that you cross reference what you may have said after the test. These seven sample essays respond to a range of thought-provoking questions. Sample questions are helpful in they will prepare you for what you are able to expect and what type of thinking you will have to do on exam day. It's intended to function as a grammar refresher before the huge test. Replace a number of the cliched language. The Lost Secret of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples Once you select the essay back up at the close of the week, then you may read the totally free response like you're an outsider scoring your paper. The AP English argument FRQ has become the most straightforward of the AP English FRQs since it is the most like essays you're already utilized to writing. In the event the answer is yes, attempt to structure your argument in order for your points build off one another. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. This technique will allow you to read with increased understanding and far better recollection. Your usage of the English language, however, also plays a part in the potency of your response. But, it's not a good option if you're still perfecting your comprehension of the language. This provides you a fantastic chance to practice your language skills in an appropriate context. Your goal is to persuade, and having convincing evidence is essential. The essays test your writing ability in a number of modes and for a variety of uses. It's very beneficial to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. This is definitely the most productive way of delivering the thesis.

AP Human Geography Religion Notes Essay - 1830 Words

Religion Unit Essay Notes 1. Secularism began to arise with the seperation of church and state in Europe. A. Why is this so? (Deblij 207, 222-224) Secularism is the indifference to or rejection of formal religion. The most secular countries today are in Europe. Secularism has become more widespread during the past century due to the rise in democracy. Democratic governments disadvantage the traditional practices of a religion because they offer freedom, whereas other forms of government may force its population to practice a specific religion. For example, the predominance of Islam in the Middle East can be associated with the influence of Taliban, a militant movement in the area that enforces the Islamic religion. B. How does†¦show more content†¦A religious person can serve God by cultivating the land, draining wetlands, clearing forests, building new settlements, and otherwise making productive use of natural features that God created. As the very creator itself, God is more powerful than any forc e of nature, and if in conflict, the laws of God take precedence over laws of nature. 3. Compare and contrast Sunni and Shia Muslims origins, practices, customs, and beliefs. Adherents to Islam are required to observe the five pillars of Islam (repeated expression of the basic creed, frequet prayer, a month of daytime fasting, almsgiving, and, if possible, at least one pilgrimage to Mecca in ones lifetime). The faith dictates behavior in other spheres of life as well. Islam forbids alcohol, smoking, and gambling. In Islamic settlements, the people build mosques to observe the Friday prayer and to serve as social gathering places. But Islam, like all other major religions, is divided - principally between Sunni Muslims (83 percent of Muslims), and the Shiites (16 percent of Muslims) mostly concentrated in Iran. The religions main division between Sunni and Shiite occured almist immediately after Muhammads death, and it was caused by a conflict over his succession. Muhammad died in 632 CE, and to some, the rightful heir to the Prophets caliphate (areaShow MoreRelatedAp Human Geography - Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesWelcome to AP Human Geography Ms. Anderson Phone: 548-4051 room 112 E-mail: panderso@hs.spotsylvania.k12.va.us Course Description: The new college-level social studies course provides students with the opportunity to identify and analyze contemporary concerns and problems from local, national, and global perspectives in Human Geography. Using geographical tools and skills, we will explore issues such as population distribution and composition, cultural patterns and processes, political organizationRead MoreThe s People, Jared Diamond s Guns, Germs, And Steel : The Fates Of Human Societies1634 Words   |  7 PagesJohn T. 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