Death of a Salesman: Discuss the importance of dreams in the play Essay

In Death of a Salesman, there are a few kinds of dreams that are obvious. These are the expectations and aspirations of the characters, wanders off in fantasy land dreams and recollections and national and social dreams, for example, the American Dream. Dreams are a significant piece of the play. They spur the characters into their activities and clarify their conduct both previously and the ‘real time’ that the play is set in. The fantasies likewise influence how the entire play is organized. The play is set in the time after the American Dream had begun to blur. This is significant, on the grounds that Americans no longer put stock in it. Willy thought that it was difficult to acknowledge that his children didn’t have confidence in what he had accepted for his entire life. The American Dream influenced all Americans when Willy Loman was more youthful, and despite the fact that Willy fell foul of the framework, he was a lot of influenced by it when he was a youngster, and it is still with him. The American Dream was a perfect, which indicated the longings of individuals who needed to kick off something new in a creating nation, to acquire and set aside their cash and appreciate an agreeable way of life and to work for themselves. The significant variables of the American Dream, were having the best of everything, being fruitful and famous, having cash to spend, and the perfect of rustic living near nature, just as claiming your own business. Industrialism was a lot of connected to this. Publicizing was being utilized for the absolute first time, on announcements, radio and even TV. Large scale manufacturing empowered more extensive accessibility, and sales reps were being utilized less and less as individuals purchased on layaway at across the nation stores. A few people figured out how to be fruitful inside this general public. Others experienced expanded strain to succeed and a sentiment of deficiency and disillusionment in the event that they were not procuring enough and are subsequently couldn't accepting the best of everything. Entrepreneur society likewise prompted individuals being laid off when they were not, at this point monetarily helpful, as happens to Willy in the play. These are on the whole significant thoughts in Death of a Salesman. Willy experiences the new society and blows up when the cooler breaks more than once and he can't stand to just supplant it. To Willy it is significant that he has the best of everything and it is significant that he is effective and mainstream and he alludes to this multiple times during the play. â€Å"He’s loved, however he’s not well liked.† Willy not just needs to be the best, he needs to be regarded. His language discloses to us that he doesn't have a favorable opinion of the individual that he is discussing. He is very deigning. The repeat of purchaser products in the play, for example, the vehicle and ice chest, disclose to us that these things are vital to Willy, in light of the fact that they are a piece of his social standing. Be that as it may, these things are not all that essential to Linda. She is progressively worried about Willy and her children. Material articles don't make a difference to her, she is too stressed over Willy’s satisfaction. All the male characters in the play are influenced by the American Dream and feel the strain to succeed. Willy and Happy, especially, endeavor towards something that would not really ever satisfy them throughout everyday life. Biff addresses the American Dream and appears to defy it. He needs a straightforward life, since he has seen what the American Dream has done to Willy and he has never subsided into anything, along these lines. He doesn’t need to wind up like Willy. Biff challenges the American Dream along these lines, since he doesn’t need the items that make up the way of life. The lifestyle around America by and large, was materialistic. Individuals must be believed to possess everything. Every individual from the Loman family has various expectations and aspirations, which have transformed from the past into the present. Willy has a great deal of expectations and aspirations, the greater part of which are unreasonable and are in his creative mind. He generally had huge designs for himself, and in one of his recollections, we see him tell Happy and Biff his primary desire throughout everyday life. â€Å"Someday I’ll have my own business, and I’ll never need to venture out from home anymore.† Willy is consoling himself of his fantasy and that one day it will work out as expected, as opposed to the young men. He discusses the future, and the utilization of the word â€Å"someday† immediately causes us to feel this is a fantasy. Willy needs to be the best and regularly communicates this in one he had always wanted. â€Å"Bigger than Uncle Charley.† Charley is by all accounts the one individual that Willy needs to beat and he is serious towards him. Towards the finish of the play, Willy is as yet attempting to promise himself that he is the best. â€Å"I am not extremely common! I am Willy Loman.† Willy still urgently needs to succeed and pick up the regard of Biff. He utilizes an ordinary expression, and attempts to promise himself that he isn't just a regular expression or individual. He is in any case, starting to surrender expectation and it is soaking in that he is not much. Biff has altogether different dreams to Willy, in light of the fact that he is attempting to think outside the box that Willy has made for him. Biff tried to do what Willy needed him to before all else, yet he loses regard for Willy and his fantasies change. â€Å"I went through six or seven years after secondary school attempting to work myself up.† Biff did this for Willy’s purpose, to substantiate himself to Willy. Biff talks in past tense, since he is done attempting to develop himself, to substantiate himself to Willy. Biff feels now, that since he hasn’t done what was anticipated from him, he has squandered his life. â€Å"I’ve consistently tried not squandering my life, and each opportunity I return here I realize that all I’ve done is to squander my life.† Biff feels that he has squandered his life when he returns home, in light of the fact that Willy causes him to feel thusly, while, as a general rule, Biff hasn’t had the option to settle down. Glad cheerfully acknowledged the job that Willy made for him, since he was rarely aspiring, and it fit him. Cheerful has been very fruitful, and has a large number of the things he generally needed. Be that as it may, he has discovered that not all things are comparable to it appears when you don’t have it. â€Å"But at that point, it’s what I generally needed. My own condo, a vehicle, and a lot of ladies. What's more, still, goddammit, I’m lonely.† Cheerful has got what he needed, yet he understands that once you have all that you need it’s not the equivalent, and on the off chance that you don’t have somebody to cherish, you get forlorn. He understands that individuals are what is important, not objects, yet toward the end, he moves from this once more. Upbeat swears, on the grounds that he is attempting to pass on to Biff his point. Upbeat follows the American Dream and frequently considers him and Biff having their very own organization. â€Å"The Loman Brothers, heh? †¦ That’s what I long for Biff.† Cheerful needs his own business, as did Willy, yet he needs it with Biff. He asks Biff an inquiry, since he needs Biff to promise him that his fantasy is the correct dream. Linda Loman is a basic character, and is, regardless of anything else, faithful to Willy and his expectations and thoughts. She wants just to be content with what she has, and she needs Willy, Biff and Happy to be prosperous, content and satisfied with what they have accomplished. She has never completely seen Willy or her children, and their longing for opportunity away from the city confounds her. She might want to be liberated from budgetary concern, and sees her life in the city, not anyplace else. Linda’s job is to depict the run of the mill American lady. She is dedicated to her significant other and remains at home to take care of the family. She fits in with the American dream, which is appeared in the play. The expectations and desire of the characters are not all exceptionally sensible. Linda is the pragmatist in the family, and concurs with Willy to keep him upbeat. The characters all live their lives around their expectations and aspirations. They treat others as though they ought to have indistinguishable expectations and desire from them. A portion of the fantasies of the characters are essential to them, and this is on the grounds that these fantasies are the main way that they can get away from their existence. They are despondent, yet these fantasies fulfill them. Biff altogether changes his fantasies and desire after some time. At the point when he was youthful, he needed to resemble Willy and regarded Willy a lot. At the point when Biff discovers that he has failed at school, he goes to see Willy, who is away on an excursion for work, and discovers him with a youngster. This decimates Biff’s picture of Willy as his guide and adoring dad. Biff never recuperates from this, and a short time later, defies Willy and all that he has been in Biff’s life. Different characters don't change their fantasies as altogether. Cheerful understands that he is stuck in an impasse work, yet he can't get away, and doesn't wish to do as such, in light of the fact that he is agreeable where he is. Linda still has her fantasies despite the fact that she no longer endeavors to accomplish them, since she has understood that her children currently lead their own lives. Willy still needs to be the best, and thinks that its exceptionally difficult to acknowledge that he is becoming unreasonably old for his activity. Toward the finish of the play, Willy ends it all, and at his burial service, Biff says â€Å"He had an inappropriate dreams. All, all, wrong.† Biff accept that Willy had an inappropriate dreams, though, Willy had the correct expectations, he simply pointed excessively high. Biff is persuaded that his fantasies are the correct lifestyle, and that Willy was childish and living under a fantasy. Biff utilizes the word â€Å"wrong,† which drives us into accepting that Willy’s dreams were in truth wrong, in spite of the fact that we realize that Willy was only a survivor of the American Dream. Dreams bigly affect the structure of the play, as we see Willy’s dreams and recollections carried on before us as though they were flashbacks in a film, they are without a doubt flashbacks in Willy’s life. Willy is sixty, and as he gets more established, he recollects portions of his life in these flashbacks. He is reminisci

Greek History Essays - Polis, Coin, Roman Currency,

Greek History Traditional Studies (OFC304C) Abilities Practice Task Short Answers 1) The hotspots for antiquated history are partitioned into four classes. Name every one of them, and quickly depict two of those classes. ?h Archeology: Archaic exploration is the science or investigation of history got from the proof of the relics and stays of early human societies as found mainly by precise unearthings. The Oxford Classical word reference characterizes antiquarianism as the investigation of the entire material culture. By this definition, archaic exploration is the investigation of history through the examination of substantial proof. for example streets, structures, figures, devices ?h Coins (Numismatics) Numismatics is the study of coins and decorations. As a source, coins are of specific significance. A great deal can be resolved concerning metal utilization, amount of metals, craftsmanship, personality (as far as starting point) and exchange. Coins were commonly made of gold, silver, electrum, bronze and copper. Very little has changed in the method of coins. The plans are effectively recognizable with respect to which period and starting point they had a place with. Also, the multifaceted nature of the plan work shows the overall capacity of the individuals of that time as far as workmanship. Roman coins can be discovered all over Europe. Considering this, it is conceivable to reason that Romans had contact with different nations. Additionally the amount of coins at a specific area could give some thought regarding the measure of exchange that existed. What's more coins are staggeringly solid, in this manner being a perfect hotspot for archeological proof. ?h Inscriptions ?h Literature 2) What was a Greek Polis? The Poleis were a collection of urban communities in an independent state. There are numerous sources that characterize the Polis in one manner or the different as a city-state. In all effortlessness, it is a network of residents (grown-up guys), ladies, kids, slaves and inhabitant outsiders. It was independent, had its own administration, constitution, special culture (religion, convention, etc) and a characterized domain. Some poleis were unbelievably little and others, for example, Athens and Sparta have been evaluated to have populace figures over a hundred thousand. In spite of the fact that they were individual Heles and battled each other as often as possible over the rare assets (concerning arable land, metals and so on.), they united to battle a shared adversary in the Persian Wars. 3) Did the geology of Greece influence the improvement of the Polis? How? The geography of Greece is rocky, rough and there are just little fixes of land that are appropriate for horticulture. Poleis were expected to be little, it was a reality that the Greeks couldn't bolster huge populaces because of an absence of food assets among different lacks. Socrates said that a perfect populace for a poleis would be that of 5000 residents, which thinking about of non-residents went to a figure of around 15000 to 20000 individuals. These absence of assets had constrained gatherings of individuals to wander and make states that could act naturally supporting and all the time those Poleis were arranged on the meager and isolated patches of reasonable land all over Greece. This later stretched out to islands and land that was far expelled from the Greek landmass. Not exclusively did the absence of assets influence them, yet the sheer physical divisions, which were the aftereffect of mountains and other normal land developments. These physical arrangements influenced the improvement of Poleis with respect to area. Numerous Poleis could be found close to the beach front territories where the ocean was open and the land less tough. 4) What was an Agora and for what reason was it significant in a polis? The Oxford History of the Classical World characterizes the public square to be a position of get together, a seat of equity and of government. The marketplace was the point of convergence for the citys regular issues and exchange of assorted types. Houses of ill-repute, staples, hair stylists and all degrees of business occurred here. A few Agoras were somewhat extensive, with measurements up to the size of 100m by 200m. Likewise there was a region known as the colonus agoraeus which was arranged by the slope close to the commercial center in Athens. Significant open structures and similarly significant open authorities were positioned here. Indeed, even of more noteworthiness was the Council House where the Boule sat. These were the oldest and most extravagant in the city (committee of

Home Is Where the Red Phone Is

Home Is Where the Red Phone Is I don’t enjoy traveling as much as some people. Unless I’m touring (which I’m doing at the time of this writing, and which I enjoy because the people are amazing) I tend to avoid extensive travel, opting instead to stay in my home town most of the time. All my clothes likely fit in a single suitcase, but I don’t enjoy living out of a suitcase. I find value in traversing the globe, in discovering new cultures, in learning more about myself in the processâ€"but I truly enjoy living in a home, a place I can call my own. The problem with homes, however, is once we establish a long-term dwelling, it’s easy to accumulate a bunch of junk we don’t need. I built my first house when I was 22â€"a feat that seems ridiculous nowâ€"but its size was even more ridiculous: it contained three bedrooms, even though only my former spouse and I lived there; it had a huge basement, which was a great place to hide last month’s discarded new possessions; it featured not only a gigantic living room, but also an “entertainment room”â€"which is just a fancy way to say, “room with a too-large TV and expensive surround-sound system.” We think we must fill all our spaceâ€"we must cram every corner nook and hidden cranny with supposed adornments. We believe if a room is nearly empty it is underutilized. So we buy stuffâ€"silly stock paintings, decorative thingies, and IKEA furnitureâ€"to fill the void. What we’re doing is attempting to establish the place in which we live as our home, an extension of ourselves. And so the logic goes: the more I buy, the more this place is my home. The problem with this line of thinking is it’s circuitous. Your home is your home for one reason: you call it your home. The stuff doesn’t make it your homeâ€"you do. If you need a reminder, do what I do: find one thing, something unique, and display it somewhere prominent. For me, it’s a red phoneâ€"a relic from my twelve years in the telecom industry. It’s a simple, beautiful design that stands out (the same phone is in the Museum of Modern Art), and whenever I see it, I know I’m home. For you, your red phone could be a one-of-a-kind painting, a photograph, a child’s framed drawing. When you have a single reminder of home, everything else begins to look superfluousâ€"even silly. What is your red phone? Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Psychoanalytical Analysis of Bram Stokers Dracula

Carlos Dena Honors English 11 5/20/13 Critical Analysis on Dracula With several illicit subjects listed throughout Bram Stoker’s Dracula, the book becomes a playground for psychoanalysts. Whether it be to see a subjects as simple as the conscious take over a character, or a character’s surroundings corrupting its victims, Dracula intrigues in more ways than just its vampiristic features. The following is a psychoanalytic study with a focus on vampirism imitating sexual practice and drug usage today while shining a light on the complex psychology of characters, and how even the author can influence the course of its story. Key Principle #1: Human activity is not reducible to conscious intent. The complexity of the human mind has always†¦show more content†¦Here, Harker has fallen victim to the vampire’s lustful attraction. This also demonstrates an undertone of eroticism within the story since the three vampires â€Å"get much closer to Jonathan Harker than proper Victorian ladies should† (Pikula 291). Harker also seems to develop signs of paranoia. An early sign of this paranoia is when Harker accepts the rosary from the old lady at the inn before he continued on with his journey. He did not know how to react to this, stating in his journal that â€Å"as an English churchman, I have been taught to regard such things as in some measure idolatrous† This shows the opening signs of paranoia, having neurotic ideas. He does not accept that he is the one going against his views, he instead decides to pin it on the old lady for being so kind in her offer. As he stays in Draculaâ €™s castle, Harker begins to feel trapped, as well stated on page 27. He fights this feeling in many ways. One that stands out though is his method of writing the letters he’s allowed to write by Count Dracula. He keeps them short and concise, for fear that the Count may read them. This demonstrates a fear of being watched, and can also be accounted for as paranoia. Key Principle #5: Characters in texts may also have a complex psychology. Another character worth analyzing is Renfield. Curiously enough, Renfield’s Syndrome was a term coined by psychologist Herschel

Effect Of Contrasting Cultures On Amy Tan S The Joy Luck...

The Effect of Contrasting Cultures in Amy Tan?s ?The Joy Luck Club? Culture is best described as a common set of core values, traditions, and rituals that a specific group of people share. With that being said, as more and more cultures begin to blend together and migration becomes a larger part of modern life, new cultures are always forming and being adopted. Even though cultures are always changing, they can still be categorized according to two types of culture. The first type of culture is ?high? culture, which refers to a more aesthetic and advanced culture such as that of the Chinese.[endnoteRef:1] ?High? culture is usually characterized by refined and complex values, whereas the second type of dynamic culture, ?low? culture, is sometimes seen as less refined and aesthetic.[endnoteRef:2] In addition, ?low? culture refers to the general life and traditions in countries such as the United States.[endnoteRef:3] Not only are Chinese and American Culture defined in two distinct way s, but they also have completely different views on family, commitment, competitiveness, and much more. With that being said, Amy Tan?s esteemed novel ?The Joy Luck Club,? not only chronicles the struggles of melding traditional American and Chinese views, it also shows how the cultural differences that result lead to miscommunication and separation between the daughters and their mothers. [1: Joel Dubois, ?The Essential Element of Culture,? Arts and Ideas of Asia: Medieval and Modern, 2009,Show MoreRelatedHuman Oppressiveness in Two Kinds and AP Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesIt was Emerson who said it best, â€Å"For nonconformity, the world whips you with its displeasure† (Porter 1155). With a detailed look of Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† you will find that this quote is entirely applicable in the context of oppressiveness and in the likeness of â€Å"coming of age.† These two stories document the different p erspectives of two characters’ growing up and how the role of the invisible hand of oppression guides developing adolescents into mature adults; withoutRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 16 Free Essays

I rang Bastien’s doorbell for the third time and then glared peevishly at the house. Where the hell was he? I was a little earlier than our agreed meeting time but not significantly. I gave the door a petulant kick as I imagined Bastien â€Å"held up† in the arms of some panting housewife. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus on Top CHAPTER 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"He’s not here,† said a cool voice nearby. I looked over and saw Dana standing there, a small leashed dog by her feet. It looked like the product of a tragic accident at the cottonball factory. â€Å"Nice dog,† I said. â€Å"My sister’s. I’m taking care of him for a few days. You want to walk with us?† No, but I had promised myself the other day that I would pick Dana’s brain to figure out how I might aid Bastien, and this seemed as good an opportunity as any. Besides, he’d kill me if he knew I’d passed up a chance for â€Å"reconnaissance.† I fell into step beside Dana and the fluff ball, congratulating myself for the hundredth time on being smart enough to choose cats over dogs. Tutu – yes, that was his name – pranced along daintily, small tongue hanging out. His beady black eyes peered everywhere as he trotted merrily, but otherwise seemed oblivious to the wet sidewalk dirtying his tiny white feet. â€Å"How’s your rally going?† I asked after we’d exhausted dog topics. â€Å"Excellent. I’m surprised you haven’t heard about it in the news. We’re getting a lot of press.† â€Å"Haven’t paid that much attention to the news.† She told me the date and time. â€Å"Think you can make it?† â€Å"I think I’m working that day,† I said automatically. Dana gave me a knowing look. â€Å"Tabitha, I get the impression you’re not entirely settled on that issue.† You think? I looked away, again fighting the mental battle of speaking my mind versus causing trouble for Bastien. I finally opted for something that sounded vaguely like the truth. â€Å"I just think†¦there’s a lot of different ways to look at it, that’s all.† â€Å"It’s okay to be unsure, you know.† That was astonishing, coming from her. â€Å"Is it?† â€Å"Of course. That’s why groups like the CPFV exist. To help you see the truth of an issue.† I repressed a snort. I’d thought for a moment she might startle me with a display of open-mindedness. I let the silence collect again. â€Å"So,† she began after a moment, â€Å"what do you believe then?† â€Å"Er, on what? Homosexuality? Or homosexual marriage?† â€Å"Either.† My opinion was simply that people wanted who they wanted, end of story. There was no regulating love or saying it was wrong. But Dana’s views on that were religiously based, and I of all people knew better than to argue the right or wrong of faith. â€Å"I’m just not sure people choose who they’re attracted to,† I explained, not exactly attacking her question head-on. â€Å"So, I guess, it seems weird to me to talk about ‘helping’ or ‘changing’ people who can’t really do anything about their natures, regardless of whether that nature is right or wrong.† â€Å"So you think homosexuality is inborn?† That sweet voice couldn’t entirely hide her scornful surprise. â€Å"For some people. I think there are those who engage in†¦uh, same-sex activities for the fun of it, but for others, it’s biological.† I had a feeling Dana wouldn’t describe same-sex activities as fun, but I still felt better at having voiced my opinions. â€Å"You express yourself very well,† she admitted. â€Å"Even if I don’t necessarily agree with you.† I laughed out loud, and she looked at me strangely. â€Å"No, I didn’t think you would.† We grew quiet again, and I remembered I was supposed to be sounding her out on what she found romantic for Bastien. â€Å"I wish I could choose who I was attracted to,† I said out of the blue, bringing up personal matters in a manner that was out of character for both Tabitha Hunter and Georgina Kincaid. Dana seemed appropriately startled. â€Å"Things aren’t going so well with your boyfriend? What was his name? Sven?† â€Å"Seth,† I corrected, feeling only a little bad at dragging him into the cover story. Things with Seth were actually beautiful at the moment, but for the sake of appearances, I kept lying. â€Å"He’s okay, I guess, and I like him†¦but he’s not very, you know, romantic. â€Å" â€Å"Ah,† she said neutrally. â€Å"Am I crazy? Is that too much to ask? Maybe I should focus on other things.† â€Å"What do you consider romantic?† â€Å"I don’t know. Little touches and flourishes here and there. Gestures to show how important you are, how much the other person cares about you.† Irises, smiley-face pancakes. â€Å"What do you think it is?† She shrugged. We were rounding the corner back to Bastien’s now. â€Å"I’ve come to see romance as not quite so important anymore,† she admitted. â€Å"Neither Bill nor I have time for it.† â€Å"Oh.† â€Å"That’s not a bad thing. I’d say, more important than superficial flourishes is being able to connect with someone. To talk openly with them and share yourself. To know they’re feeling what you’re feeling.† â€Å"Oh,† I said again, surprised. Her comments almost made sense. In some ways, they were a variation of Seth’s views on honesty in a relationship. Biting my lip, I plunged on. â€Å"And what about†¦you know, attraction and sex appeal?† She gave me a sidelong glance. â€Å"What about it?† I shrugged. â€Å"I don’t always feel it around him.† Liar, liar, pants on fire. â€Å"Do I have the wrong ideas about it? What do you think is sexy?† Her answer took a long time in coming. â€Å"I don’t know.† Bastien stood by his front door as we approached. He waved a hand in greeting. â€Å"Hello, ladies.† He looked pleasantly astonished to see us together – and getting along. Dana thanked me for the company and returned to her own home after refusing Bastien’s automatic invitation to come inside and stay a while. Once she was gone and we were in the car headed to my photo shoot, I gave him the scoop on our talk. â€Å"She doesn’t know what’s sexy?† he exclaimed. â€Å"She’s practically begging for me to ravage her. Hmph. And Bill’s not romantic. Well, no surprise there. You think she was lying about saying it wasn’t important? Sort of a defense mechanism?† â€Å"I don’t know. Possibly. But even if she does miss romance, I think too many over-the-top gestures would throw up a flag. She isn’t stupid. Profound conversation might be the way to go.† â€Å"Then the cooking thing is a good idea. Lots of talking there.† â€Å"I guess.† I didn’t tell him that I had doubts about the efficacy of that method. Honestly, I wasn’t sure what he could do anymore. We’d decided to pull out all the stops for my pictures. He drove us downtown to the Hotel Andra, one of the nicest local spreads, despite its plain exterior. Through some charm I didn’t know about, he’d even managed to book us the hotel’s one-of-a-kind Monarch Suite on practically no notice. It had more room than we could possibly need, but its true selling point – for me – was an utterly sumptuous, utterly sexy bed. Enclosed in its own romantically lit alcove, it had a deep, royal purple spread and a headboard of gleaming, black wood. The whole effect was dark and sensuous. We shape-shifted out of Mitch and Tabitha upon clearing the door. â€Å"This bed alone,† declared Bastien, â€Å"will sell these pictures. Well, that and your naked flesh. But really, it’s a tough call.† He raided the mini-bar and made us improvised Grand Marnier martinis, which I gulped down with surprising eagerness. Suddenly, facing these pictures seemed a lot more daunting than I’d originally believed. â€Å"Nothing to it,† he said, sensing my nervousness. â€Å"Put on something sexy and sprawl on the bed.† I hadn’t brought anything in particular to wear, for once willingly opting for shape-shifting. I started with a basic black nightgown. Super short, super low-cut. It seemed like a safe bet. Bastien positioned me on the bed, lying back in a sort of languid pose. He mussed my hair and requested a lazy pout. â€Å"The point here, Fleur ,is to make it look like if you don’t get fucked again soon, you’re going to be very, very upset. Men go for that.† My apprehension melted away as Bastien took over, directing my postures and expressions, snapping away with his digital camera. We ran the gamut. Some shots I did completely naked, hiding nothing. For others, we found the suggestion of nudity could almost be more provocative. The way the slipped strap of a chemise could nearly reveal a breast. The way a sheer bra and panty set could cover and yet not cover. Nor did we give all of them the just-got-fucked look. In some, I was very elegant, unbelievably perfect in every possible way, not a strand of hair out of place. In others, however, we played up the messy, wild look – â€Å"unplanned,† as Seth would say. We also didn’t limit ourselves to the bed, as gorgeous as it was. I posed by windows, by a sofa, by the bathtub, in the bathtub. Both of us, as was requisite for our jobs, had pretty good imaginations for what was sexy and alluring. Nonetheless, we had brought along a few lingerie catalogs and adult magazines for inspiration. We would take breaks to plan, both of us frowning and giving each new pose serious thought. All in all, it was an exhausting endeavor, but Bastien’s energy never flagged as he guided me through it all with a professional ease. And honestly, after a certain point, I didn’t need his coaching. I knew I was sexy, and it was easy to play that up, especially knowing that Seth would view all of this. When the incubus had filled up the memory card, we finally called it quits. Sprawling on the bed beside me, he called room service and ordered us some professional martinis, since we’d run out of Grand Marnier. They arrived, and we luxuriated in a well-deserved rest, sipping our drinks. â€Å"Thanks Bas,† I told him, touching his arm. â€Å"You’re a good friend.† â€Å"Easy to be one when the subject matter is so nice to look at. You’re going to have a bitch of a time getting these printed, though. Take them to a store, and you won’t get them back.† I’d already thought of that. â€Å"Hugh has a snazzy, state-of-the-art printer. I’ll do it there.† I considered. â€Å"Although, he might keep a few too.† â€Å"I wouldn’t blame him.† Bastien set his drink down and rolled over to regard me affectionately, face almost serious for a change. â€Å"You’re a beautiful woman, Fleur ,and that means something when you can perfectly control your appearance. It’s not your physical side – as nice as it is. It’s something in here.† He tapped my breastbone. â€Å"Something warm and sensual and lovely that shines out. I’d know you in any body, in any place. â€Å" I curled up against him, happy. â€Å"I’m glad you’re here. Even if it’s because of the Barton and Dana mess. We’re going to fix that for you, you know. I promise. I’m not letting them ship you off somewhere horrible.† A faint, playful smile curled his lips. Affection shone in his dark eyes, affection that was no doubt mirrored in my face. Suddenly, he leaned over and kissed me. Whoa. It wasn’t a friendly kiss either, not the kind we so regularly planted on each other’s lips in a careless way. This was a deep kiss, an erotic kiss. His lips felt like velvet, his tongue slowly sliding over mine. I was so floored by what was happening that for a moment I couldn’t do anything except sink into that kiss and let it send shockwaves through my body. My senses returned to me, and I broke away, sitting up. â€Å"What the hell are you doing?† He sat up as well, as surprised by my reaction as I had been by what triggered it. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"You kissed me. I mean, really kissed me.† He grinned, sensual and provocative. I shivered. When incubi targeted you with that charm, it was bewildering, even for a succubus. â€Å"What’s wrong with it? You mean more to me than anyone else in the world. This is a natural step for us. We should have been doing it a long time ago.† I shook my head, backing away. â€Å"I like the way we’ve always been.† â€Å"Only because you haven’t tried anything else. Look, I’m not asking you to run off into the sunset here. We’re friends. I know that, and I like that. But you’ve said it yourself – sleeping with people you don’t care about is wearying.† â€Å"Yeah, but†¦I don’t think this is necessarily the answer.† â€Å"Then what is the answer?† he demanded. â€Å"Sleeping – or rather not sleeping – with a mortal you do care about?† I climbed out of bed. â€Å"That was harsh. And it’s unrelated. I don’t want us to be anything more than friends, Bastien. Sex,ll mess things up.† He stayed on the bed, watching me pace. â€Å"Sex will fix a lot of things. It’s about time we got some satisfaction that wasn’t all business. It’ll be therapeutic for both of us. We need it.† I turned away, staring out the window without seeing. â€Å"I don’t need it.† â€Å"Don’t you?† Only the voice that asked me that wasn’t Bastien’s. It was Seth’s. I spun around, eyes wide. â€Å"Stop that! Change back right now!† Bastien – as Seth – lay back easily against the pillows. He wore jeans and a Whitesnake T-shirt, just as Seth might have. His hair was unkempt. He’d even perfected that cute, distracted smile. â€Å"What’s the problem, Thetis?† I stormed up to the bed, wanting to give him the full force of my fury even as I longed to run away. â€Å"This isn’t funny! Change back now.† Sitting up again, he slid to the edge of the bed. â€Å"Come on, how have you not seen this coming? This is the perfect solution to all your problems.† â€Å"No, it’s not. It’s really not.† He stood up and walked toward me, not touching me but coming close enough to make my heart race. I stood rooted, unable to move. â€Å"Of course it is. If you ever want to get Seth out of your system, this is the way to do it. You spend all this time pining for him, wondering what it’d be like to touch him and be with him. Well, this is your chance. This is the only safe way, your chance to do everything you want without hurting him. Do this now, and you could save yourself a lot of grief in the future. â€Å" I shook my head, as my mouth apparently couldn’t move now either. Too many conflicting feelings. The entire scene was unreal. Mind blowing. I was still shocked by Bastien’s audacity in doing it in the first place. I knew he was rash and bold, but this was crossing the line, even for him. On the other hand, Bastien had mimicked Seth down to the last detail, and seeing him had the effect it always did on me. Everything was the same. Cute and flawless. More intoxicating still was the truth of Bastien’s offer. I really could do what I wanted here. It was wrong on so many levels, but I couldn’t deny the pull. The perfect temptation. â€Å"I won’t cheat on Seth.† â€Å"What’s cheating between you guys? You do it all the time.† â€Å"Then I’m not going to be one of your conquests,† I snapped. â€Å"Fine.† He shape-shifted the shirt away so I saw only lovely, bare chest now. He drew my hands forward, resting them on his skin. I discovered it was almost entirely smooth; there were just a few soft and silky golden hairs. â€Å"You do the conquering.† â€Å"I’m not doing any conquering.† â€Å"All right. Then take your hands away.† I stared at where my hands lay on his chest. On Seth’s chest. He was warm. My hands matched him almost perfectly. We both had light, barely tanned, golden skin. Take your hands away. That’s all I had to do. I just had to move my hands, step away, and leave this ridiculous game behind. I was only a hair’s breadth from normality†¦yet I couldn’t seem to move away. I knew it wasn’t Seth, but the illusion was so powerful, I could easily imagine that this was exactly how it would feel to touch him. Without thinking, I ran my fingers down his chest, down to his stomach. Seth was no bodybuilder, but he was lean and trim from swimming and running. I had seen him in boxers before; the strong muscles were firm and exactly where they should be. Again, a perfect illusion. My hands had brushed this same part of Seth in bed before, but I never allowed myself to sensually explore him, the way I could now. I moved my fingers further, tracing the lines and contours. For his part, he didn’t say or do anything. But whenever I looked up, those brown eyes were on me, brimming with heat. They made my body respond with a heat of its own. Would Seth look at me the same way if we were together like this? Somehow, I expected the answer would be yes. I knew Seth viewed sex as a serious matter, despite his characters’ casual attitudes. He would treat such an encounter seriously. Also – although I had no proof – I thought Seth would be just as cautious as Bastien was being now, letting me take the lead. Nothing aggressive. My hands slid farther, down to the edge of his jeans where blue flannel boxers barely peeped out. I ran my fingers under the edge, arousing myself further with this dangerous game. Being this close to hitherto forbidden territory was heady. My scouting fingers started to tremble. Never, never would I have let things reach this point with Seth. Not with both of us pressed together. Not with both of us in so little clothing. My common sense would have long since kicked in before something dangerous might happen. But Bastien was right: nothing dangerous could happen tonight. At least not physically. I looked back up. His own breath had quickened. The space between us sizzled. He was so like Seth, I realized. So very much like him. It would be so easy. Easy to pretend. I leaned up and kissed him, again tasting those soft lips, pushing my tongue past them so I could fully savor him. His hands moved around my back, touching silk and bare skin. I was in the same outfit I wore for the last picture: another chemise, this time with a revealing top of ivory lace and a rose-pink silk skirt. I pushed into that kiss, letting it burn me. He kept his hands carefully neutral the whole time, not taking liberties, instead letting me dictate the terms. Reaching around, I grabbed a hold of his hands and moved them over me. I wanted to know what it was like to have him – Seth – touching me. I moved them down to my backside, then over to the sides of my thighs, urging him to push the chemise up. He did, letting silk gather up in his fingers as it slid up, up over my breasts and then over my head. I exhaled as those hands traveled up my body, every part of my skin electric and alive as I stood completely naked now. â€Å"Lay down,† I said, surprised at the rough note in my voice. He obliged, and I crawled onto the bed after him, straddling his hips with my legs so I leaned over him, letting my hair brush his chest as it had that night at Terry and Andrea’s. Seth. I had Seth. And I could do anything I wanted. I kissed him again, harder than I had before, as if my mouth realized this could stop at any moment and had to get as much as it could right now. Pulling back slightly, I placed his hands back on me. â€Å"Don’t stop touching me.† I returned to his lips, crushing his in return, letting my teeth nibble that soft flesh. All the while his hands roved over me as I’d commanded, coming to rest under my breasts so that he could cup them and stroke them. His fingers trailed to the nipples, which were already standing erect, brushing them lightly at first and then squeezing with greater intensity. I cried out, my own savage urges stoked, and I moved my lips to his neck. My mouth worked fiercely against that tender skin, pressing and biting, as though by leaving a mark I could somehow brand Seth as mine forever. Breaking away at last, I raised myself up slightly on my knees and moved his hand between my legs. He stroked me without being told to, letting his fingers slide over my clitoris, building up the mounting, scorching sensation in my lower body. His fingers moved easily, aided by my own wetness. Greater and greater that swelling ecstasy grew until it was almost agony, but I stopped him before I peaked and could find release. Frantically, I tore at his jeans and boxers, getting them off as fast as I could. I sighed shakily, looking at that long, perfect hardness as though it could keep me alive when nothing else could. I moved myself back down and ground myself against him, rubbing myself against that hardness, letting it finish the job his fingers had started. I came almost instantly, having been already on the edge, and before those spasms could even begin fading, I slid him inside of me, letting him fill me up entirely until it seemed there was nothing left of me in my own body, only him. He was still letting me take charge here, but he wasn’t unaffected. His breath came heavy and hard now, his own lips parting slightly with desire, eyes begging me to do more. As for me†¦I was losing myself. I didn’t care about anything else but him inside me, as close as I’d ever been able to get to Seth. It still seemed like something had to give, something had to stop us. But it didn’t. I became more than a conqueror. I was a ravager, taking what I wanted with no thought of the consequences. I rode on top of him, bringing myself down hard each time, willing him to pierce right through me. My hands held him down as I thrust, not that he was trying to get away. My breasts shook as our bodies moved together, the nipples still hard and sensitive. I heard the slap of skin on skin each time I moved down, forming a rhythm with our ragged breathing. I was drowning in Seth, in his sweat and in his touch. I was liquid and golden, merged into him. My body ached, unable to get enough of him, and I moved harder still. I knew exactly which angle I needed to make myself come, and I didn’t even try to hold back the waves and waves of pulsing bliss that racked my body. Small crackles of energy passed between us occasionally – not the usual absorption that occurred with a victim, but the inevitable sharing that happened between an incubus and succubus, two creatures whose bodies were made to collect the power of life. I needed to consume Seth, take as much of him as I could. I had no other purpose. Time passed. My body took its pleasure greedily and often. I said his name over and over, sometimes whispering it, sometimes screaming it, until finally exhausted, I couldn’t move anymore. I stopped, nearly collapsing against him. Barely able to work my lungs anymore, I struggled to get the air I needed. He was still inside me, still ready, but I had nearly rubbed myself raw. My throat was dry and painful. Sweat formed a slick coating on me, and I hung over him panting and desperate, an animal who had just sated her hunger with no concern for who lay beneath. He watched me intently, running a careful hand over my damp cheek. Then, at some unspoken signal between us, he flipped me over onto my back to at last finish himself off. Gripping my ankles and putting them over his shoulders, he knelt before me and pushed back inside. A soft whimper passed over my lips. I was jelly now, unable to do anything but lay there and let him have his way with me. My arms spread out carelessly over my head, fingers brushing the black headboard, and I closed my eyes, just letting myself feel Seth taking me now. I was weak and spent, but it still felt wonderful. I opened my eyes and watched him working hard against my body, at last able to give in to his own pleasure. He’d held back for so long for my benefit, waiting until I had satiated my lust. Now he was the greedy one, ravaging me in the way he wanted. At last, he climaxed with a small groan, closing his eyes briefly, holding himself against me as he came into me. When he finished, he slumped forw ard and pulled out, lying beside me. We stayed like that for several moments, and then he pulled me roughly to him so we spooned, the back of my body pressed against the front of him. Both of us still breathed in heavy, torn gasps as our hearts gradually slowed. I let my cheek rest against his arm. I still shook all over from sex with Seth, with the feel of Seth inside of me and the way he had broken my body with that devastating ecstasy. Then, as one hand tightened on me and his other ran gently over my hair, I noticed something. He didn’t smell right. I don’t mean to imply that he smelled bad. He didn’t. He just didn’t smell like Seth. The sweat wasn’t the same. There was no fleeting smell of apple, leather, and musk, no unique Seth scent. He smelled like Bastien. He was Bastien, I reminded myself sternly, and with that, the illusion shattered, the spell broke. I wasn’t with Seth, no matter how perfect the shape. I was with my friend the incubus. â€Å"Change back,† I whispered. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Change back to yourself.† He didn’t ask why, and a moment later, I rested in Bastien’s arms. It wasn’t Seth, I realized with a dull and terrible emptiness, but it was the truth. We said no more after that, staying in bed together for the rest of the night. Sleep never came for me, however. I lay awake the whole time, staring off into the shadows. How to cite Succubus on Top CHAPTER 16, Essay examples

Meaning of Phoenix Activity and Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Phoenix Activity and Law. Answer: Meaning of phoenix activity In case of companies the activities that include registration of a new company for the purpose of taking over the insolvent or failed business, that can be considered as rebirth of a precursor company such activities are considered to be phoenix activity. It is mentionable here that for a phoenix activity to be legal in nature, should be performed by genuine company that failed and took the decision of liquidation (Asic, 2017). In those cases it is legitimate use of the corporate form. Under the concept of limited liability, the shareholders and directors are excused under thelaw from personal liability associated with the debts of the failed company. Thus, in other words, it can be stated that the wide range of activities with the help of which, when a company fails, the present business activities is taken over by another entity can be referred as phoenix activities of companies (Asic, 2013). Phoenix business activities range from complex illegal behavior real business rescues. Benefits of phoenix activities to the society It is a fact that, if phoenix activities are undertaken by a company with malicious motives like getting relieve from debts, such phoenix activities are indeed harmful and have negative impact. However, phoenix activities have certain benefits associated with it that turn out to be beneficial for the society it is it performed legally (Martin, 2007). Firstly, on the part of the company that decides to undertake phoenix activities due to complex situation experienced on its part like burden of huge debts which makes it difficult for the company to be functional can be prevented from getting closed completely and allow it to be functional with the help of its old set of employees with the help of undertaking phoenix activities. Thus the economic growth of the nation from the productivity of the particular company, also, does not get hindered. In addition to the above discussed aspect, with the help of phoenix activities the present employees of the company can be retained (Anderson et al., 2014). This would act as a contributing for the society in terms of maintaining the employment level and prevent adverse impact on the employment status of the society. The motives behind phoenix activities On the part of the companies undertaking phoenix activities, there can be more than one motive. From a generic perspective, companies undertake phoenix activities in situations when it is in a troublesome condition, which generally includes huge debts on these companies. The difference of motives of these companies undertaking phoenix activities usually arises from the motives and ethics associated with it (Anderson, 2015). Ethically, the difference of motives of the companies undertaking phoenix activities can arise from the fact that, certain companies undertake these activities due to the fact that it will not be able to survive otherwise with the huge debts on these companies which they are liable to pay to banks. On the other hand, there are certain companies which have unethical motives behind taking up such activities that result in different purposes behind the phoenix activities (Anderson et al., 2015). In other words, there are certain companies that perform phoenix activit ies for the purpose of avoiding making payments to the suppliers. This results in having two different sets of purposes behind phoenix activities on the part of the companies. Individuals benefiting and losing from phoenix activities In case of phoenix activities there are two parties mainly associated with it. One party is the responsible authority/ owner of the present company and another party is the person undertaking the company declared to be failed and liquidation. In case when an individual declares the company to be failed and undertake phoenix activities, there are certain advantages the person can enjoy. As already stated, legally, phoenix activities are undertaken on the part of a company only when it experiences complex situation like that of huge debts it is responsible to pay to the bank (The Joy of Business, 2017). In such cases the directors, shareholder, owner of the company is benefited under the concept of limited liability. Under the concept of limited liability, the mentioned responsible authorities of the company are generally excused by thelaw from personal liability due to the failed debts of the company. Thus, this turns out to be beneficial for the owner, directors and shareholders of t he company. Other than that, they can also keep the company running is another advantage associated with phoenix activities for the directors, shareholders and owner of the company (Anderson et al., 2017). However, the mentioned responsible authority of the company also experiences certain losses, which not only includes losing the ownership or hold on the company but it also results limited scope of getting personal credit which is also applicable for small items. In certain cases, the owner or responsible authority of the company also experiences difficulty in opening bank accounts or making online payments even after long period of occurrence of the incident. Similarly, on the part of the individual undertaking the bankrupt company, the major advantage is getting a set of experienced employees in the particular field along its expansion (The Joy of Business, 2017). However, on the part of the company undertaking the bankrupt company becomes liable to pay the debts of the previous company is the major disadvantage of the company undertaking the bankrupt company. Thus, it can be stated that, in case of phoenix activities both the parties have certain profits and losses associated with it. Section of Corporations Act 2001 prohibiting phoenix activity Various legislations have been formed for the purpose of prohibiting illegal phoenix activities. One of the mentionable legislation is Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). There is more than one section of the legislation attempting the prohibition of illegal phoenix activities (austlii, 2017). One of the mentionable sections of the legislation is 596AB according to which individuals are prohibited from entering into transactions or agreements having the intention of denying entitlements. This clearly reflects that phoenix activities of companies with the motive of getting rid of personal debts and liabilities are prohibited under the legislation. Section of Corporations Act 2001 that may be breached by phoenix activities Performing illegal phoenix activities may result in breaching various sections of Corporations Act 2001 which have been formulated with the purpose of preventing it occurrence. One of the mentionable sections of the legislation in this context is Section 181. Illegal phoenix activities usual lack good faith. Under Section 181 of Corporations Act 2001, it has been stated that under the common laws, the directors are obliged to discharge their duties and exercise their power in such a manner which demonstrates good faith intended for the best interests of the company along with having proper purpose (austlii, 2017). In case of illegal phoenix activities undertaken by companies the intention is to get rid of debts and ensure personal benefits, which would result in breach of Section 181 of Corporations Act 2001. Another section of the legislation which may be breached due to illegal phoenix activity is Section 182 (1) according which a director is prohibited from improperly using the position for the purpose of gaining an individual advantage or advantage for another individual or cause damage to the benefits of the company. In case of illegal phoenix activities the responsible individual usually misuses his/her position for the purpose of personal gain that would result in breach of Section 182 (1) of Corporations Act 2001 (austlii, 2017). Due to the breach of the above discussed sections of the act the authority of the company may be awarded with pecuniary penalties of up to $ 200, 000. Case involving phoenix activity Cook v Deeks and Hinds: PC 23 Feb 1916 is a mentionable case which includes dispute with phoenix activity undertaken by the involved parties. The case included Hinds and Deeks who were directors of a construction company. A negotiation was held between them which were considered to be lucrative and involved a construction contract with Canada Pacific Railway. In this process it was decided by them that they wanted to enter into the contact on a personal basis which also included incorporation of a new company- Dominion Construction Company for the purpose of performing the work (swarb, 2017). Dominion Construction Company taken over the contract who performed the work and make the profit. Toronto Construction Company, a shareholder took a derivative action against Dominion Construction Company as well as against the directors. The court held Hinds and Deeks to be guilty of breach of their duty in regards to their position which occurred in the process of securing the contract. It was further held that the actions they performed were also required to ensure the benefit of the shareholder- Toronto Construction Company. However, it was observed that they conducted the company affair in such a manner which deliberately exclude the interest of the shareholder and further use their influence and position to exclude the company whose interest were required to be protect by them under their duty (swarb, 2017). On this basis, it was legally concluded that the individuals having control of the company would operate in manner so as to secure the interest of the company as well as act for the benefit of the company rather than their personal interest that can be seen to be absent in case of Cook v Deeks and Hinds: PC 23 Feb 1916 due to performance of illegal phoenix activity. Effectiveness of prohibiting phoenix activity There has been various efforts in prohibiting illegal phoenix activities with the help of creating phoenix offence. However, the success of these actions is required to be analyzed. There are various legislations like Corporations Act 2001- Section 596 AB, Section 180-184 , Section 121 of Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth) with the help of which efforts have been made towards creating offence. However, as major issue with these phoenix prohibitions is it will be able to capture posh phoenix arrangements that exist within corporate groups which prevents involvement of assets transfer (Anderson et al., 2017). The fact cannot be ignored that with the help of such activities clear demonstration regarding the severity of with which government along with its agencies consider phoenix conduct and consider it in their mechanism can be identified. Other than that, prohibiting phoenix activity by phoenix offence also becomes inactive in case of illegal phoenix activity with the help of pre-insolvency a dvice. It is further mentionable that, in spite of applicability of duties on the part of the directors to illegal phoenix activity and the presence of civil sanctions which are formulated for enhanced level of enforcement the approximate costs of phoenix activity to the economy indicates that these activities are still prevalent indicating the failure of enforcement activities. The lack of available data also makes it difficult to identify the occurrence of these activities. The lack of affectivity of the phoenix offence actions can also be established with the help of the fact that the maximum penalty due to failure in providing liquidations with records and book is $ 9,000 which is beneficial for an individual with large sum of debts to get rid of it. According to (squarespace, 2009) it can be noticed that 75% of insolvent trading cases are won by liquidator further establishing the lack of affectivity of phoenix prohibition activities. Other than that, in only 64% of cases compe nsation order was less than $ 200,000 in only 11$ of the cases compensation order was more than $ 500,000 also establishing its limited effectively. In addition to this, approximately, 8,5000 insolvency appointment every year in which only 2 judges every year provides an average compensation order of less than $200k reflects the fact that phoenix prohibition activities in insolvent trading is not effective and in case of pre-pack of directors it provides limited barriers (squarespace, 2009). Ways in which prohibition can be structured In order to make prohibition activities more structure like phoenix prohibition activities, in a generic sense, enhanced level of detect of the activities which are prohibited like phoenix activity is required. The key of achieving success in these cases are sharing and gathering information. In order to make phoenix activities more structured, all directors are required to have direct identification number with the help of which they can link with previous and present directorships (Anderson et al., 2017). This will help in having the present company scenario along with its management which would further help in scrutiny. With the help of sharing this information to regulators associated with tackling illegal phoenix activity the occurrence can be further managed effectively. In addition to this, liquidators reports to ASIC regarding prior misconduct along with misconduct during liquidation would help in gathering and sharing meaningful information (Anderson et al., 2017). It is also important to provide the public with required information for the purpose of protecting themselves in the process of dealings with a particular company. Such initiatives would help the businesspeople to identify and protect themselves from shonky operators and help them run legitimate businesses in a fair manner. It is mentionable that disruption can be achieved easily than prevention. For the purpose of achieving this, a probationary category i.e. restricted directorships is required to be imposed on directors followed by five corporate failures on their part during a period of 10 years. These directors are then required to be restricted in the companies in which they would be eligible to manage (Anderson et al., 2017). Their names are also needed to be made available on a register. These identified directors are required to be made subjected to increased number of reporting requirements and regulatory scrutiny. Prosecution of pre-insolvency advisers helping in illegal phoenix activity is also required due to the roles played by them in the wrongdoing. With the help of meaningful penalties and the ability it prevent new company from enjoying the benefits by the court are also important in structuring prohibition. References Anderson, H. (2015). Phoenix activity-a context not a crime. Australian Insolvency Journal, 27(2), 35. Anderson, H. L., Hedges, J., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A. (2017). Illegal Phoenix Activity: Is a'Phoenix Prohibition'the Solution?. Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2014). Defining and Profiling Phoenix Activity. Anderson, H. L., O'Connell, A., Ramsay, I., Welsh, M. A., Withers, H. (2015). Profiling Phoenix Activity: A New Taxonomy. Anderson, H., Ramsay, I., Hedges, J. and Welsh, M. (2017). Here's what must be done to detect, disrupt and deter phoenix activity in Australia. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/heres-what-must-be-done-to-detect-disrupt-and-deter-phoenix-activity-in-australia-73367 [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Anderson, H., Ramsay, I., Hedges, J. and Welsh, M. (2017). How director ID numbers and "restricted directorships" could help stamp out phoenix activity in Australia. [online] SmartCompany. Available at: https://www.smartcompany.com.au/business-advice/legal/director-id-numbers-restricted-directorships-help-stamp-phoenix-activity-australia/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Asic. (2013). Small business-illegal phoenix activity. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/your-business/small-business/compliance-for-small-business/small-business-illegal-phoenix-activity/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Asic. (2017). Illegal phoenix activity. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/contact-us/how-to-complain/illegal-phoenix-activity/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. austlii. (2017). CORPORATIONS ACT 2001. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Martin, A. (2007). Director Duties and Phoenix Companies. Allen Arthur Robinson, Sydney. squarespace. (2009). Pre-Pack: A Legitimate means to Phoenix an Insolvent Company. [online] Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55ecf59ee4b01655ac9ab08c/t/55efa4ffe4b0a4ee627c43c3/1441768703387/Pre-Pack+170510.pdf [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. swarb. (2017). Cook v Deeks and Hinds: PC 23 Feb 1916. [online] Available at: https://swarb.co.uk/cook-v-deeks-and-hinds-pc-23-feb-1916/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. The Joy of Business. (2017). The Ethics Of The Phoenix. [online] Available at: https://www.thejoyofbusiness.co.uk/how/the-ethics-of-the-phoenix/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017].

Social Games vs. Traditional Games free essay sample

Nowadays many people all over the world make daily use of social networks like Facebook, Twitter, or Google+. A social networking service  is a World Wide Web platform in which you can meet your real-life friends, share information and news with them and develop social relationships of any kind. These electronic communication devices, along with the opportunity to keep oneself updated with the latest news, opinions, mundane events, etc. usually help individuals to develop and maintain human contacts overcoming the obstacles of real geographical distances. Apparently, though strangely enough, these sites hadn’t developed a series of videogames of their own for quite a long time, until the beginning of the first decade of our century. Until then, traditional videogames, that people use to play individually or, at least, in groups of real people playing together in the same room, detained the monopoly of popularity among electronic ways of entertainment. In an incredibly small amount of time videogames provided by social networking systems attracted interest from every part of the world and they seemed they could easily steal from traditional videogames their monopoly of popularity. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Games vs. Traditional Games or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Up to now, it is very difficult to say if social games are more popular than videogames or vice versa. The point is that, after a vertiginous raise that impressed and sometimes even scared traditional videogames producers, the number of social games players seems to be constantly reducing over time leaving us with the thought that that of the social games could just be a passing fad as many others in the past. In the present work, we will put our attention on the possible real users of both social and traditional videogames and we will try to find out whether they share equal popularity among people or not. Traditional Games Videogames, computer programmes for personal amusement, have a long history that remount to the second half of the 1970’s with the first arcade games for consoles, electronic devices that you could find in public places. Since then, there have been sensible improvements on almost all the aspects of the programmes such as graphics, whose aim is generally that to recreate eality as vividly as possible (although there have also been many videogames designers inventing completely different, fantasy worlds); or playability, that is to say, the opportunity for the videogame player to make a â€Å"real† experience while playing (joysticks, technical devices that are used to make virtual characters and objects move on the screen, represent a good example of it, p assing from being simple levers and knobs to sophisticated radio controlled sensors, real automobile steering wheels and gears, reproductions of airplane cloches). Nowadays, to be realised, traditional videogames may require years of production, with lots of expenditures to pay workers such as producers, designers, graphics and sound engineers, etc. , not to mention the costs deriving from promoting it on a large (usually worldwide) scale. For all these reasons, traditional videogames, with their high costs, are now suffering from smaller competitors like social games, which don’t require that amount of work behind them. Apart from that, it seems that young people, especially boys, in a range that goes from teenagers to men in their thirties, still prefer playing this kind of games rather than spending their time playing on social networks. Social Games Social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Google+ usually host social games. Social games include various kinds of games but they present some common features like the need to share the game with other friends in a multiplayer session to be played, the presence of turns by which players don’t have to be simultaneously participating in the same session of the game, the reference to some kind of social activity like meeting friends, dating and so on; the absence of winners and losers as a means to convoy the maximum number of users (usually there are missions that need to be accomplished in order to pass one level after another). Moreover, these games are quite elementary in terms of programming requiring much less effort (and production costs) to be realised. Even for these reasons, social games have encountered the critics of those who denounce its most exploitative aspects. Anyway, the fact is that the number of social games users has progressively increased over the years (almost from 2007) only to know a first stop this year, but experts think this is due to the switch of platform: more and more people are playing social games on their mobile phones instead of playing them at their computers at home. According to the statistics, the number of women (of all age) who have already joined at least one social network it’s much higher than that of the men, so we may be able to derive, as a consequence, that women could possibly be a consistent part of the social games users. Researches seem to highlight the presence of middle aged people among the users of this new kind of game. Conclusions The decline of the traditional videogames appears to be constant and ineluctable due to the differences of costs with respect to those of the social network games. Despite the market seems to be subdivided in two ranges of users (young versus middle-aged people, men versus women) this is not a sufficient reason to think that traditional videogames will successfully overcome the strong competition of social games. Furthermore, the recent evolution of mobile phones can represent a very suitable platform for social games in the immediate future.

How to Find Original Science Fair Project Ideas

How to Find Original Science Fair Project Ideas Do you want to come up with a truly original science fair project that is all your own and not one out of a book or used by another student? Heres advice that may help stimulate your creativity. Find a Topic That Interests You What interests you? Food? Video games? Dogs? Football? The first step is to identify subjects that you like. Ask Questions Original ideas start with questions. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Which? You can ask questions such as: Does ____ affect ____ ? What is the effect of _____ on _____ ? How much ____ is required to _____ ? To what extent does ____ affect ____ ? Designing an Experiment Can you answer your question by changing only one factor? If not, then it will save you a lot of time and energy to ask a different question. Can you take measurements or do you have a variable you can count such as yes/no or on/off? It is important to be able to take measurable data rather than rely on subjective data. You can measure length or mass, for example, but it is hard to measure human memory or factors such as taste and smell. Try brainstorming ideas. Think of topics that interest you and start asking questions. Write down variables that you know you can measure. Do you have a stopwatch? You could measure time. Do you have a thermometer? You could measure temperature? Cross out any questions that you cant answer. Pick the remaining idea that you like the best or try this exercise with a new subject. It may not be easy at first, but with a little practice, youll be generating lots of original ideas.

Cooper's Industries M&A Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cooper's Industries M&A - Case Study Example The complementary development continued throughout the 1970’s as did the diversification into related areas. The main aim of this corporate strategy has been to lessen its dependence on the cyclical natural gas business. 2) Cooper’s creates value through building similar businesses around related areas of its expertise and then achieving synergies from these businesses. The value that is created is by combining the strengths of the related diversification and complementary building by which the company achieves capabilities in areas close to each other. This synergy helps it to achieve scale and size in running the business. Hence, Cooper’s creates value through these twin processes and by achieving synergies. 3) The key resources of Cooper’s are its people and especially those in the upper reaches of management. The company has consciously followed a strategy of hiring the best talent available to run its various businesses and this has resulted in it achieving a corporate culture that has become an asset for the company. The other key resource of Cooper’s is its culture of encouraging the various businesses to run autonomously thereby encouraging risk-taking and entrepreneurial spirit among the business units. This is related to the company culture and hence it can be said that Cooper’s key resources are its people and the processes that it has built around them. 4) It is my view that Cooper’s should not acquire Champion Spark plugs. There are many reasons for this and they range from the gigantic restructuring that needs to take place at the organizational and operational level as well as the huge increase in its debt percentage resulting from the deal. Further, the company does not stand to gain from integrating another company that is primarily into manufacturing spare parts as the potential synergies from such a move are debatable.

Parking Problems in the Florida National University Essay

Parking Problems in the Florida National University - Essay Example In the Florida National University, the issue of parking and campus traffic is increasingly crippling movement. This paper will show policies that can be adopted by the university to reduce parking problems. In many colleges, the problem is addressed by restricting students driving, or simply by allocating parking slots on a first-come-first-served basis (Shoup 21). While these approaches have produced varying levels of success, they have significantly reduced on-campus traffic. However, there are a few associated problems. For example, disabled students should be allowed to drive or be driven to school because o their conditions. In addition, lecturers and other important staff members serve the concern of a large number of people, implying they should not be required to compete with students for parking space in their places of work (Shoup 21). Therefore, despite the merits of the mentioned approaches, there is a need for more conclusive approaches. An economy-based approach has been proposed by Shoup. He proposes that in controlling the parking fees for students and other staff in campuses, it is possible to reduce traffic (Shoup 29). For example, parking lots close to lecture halls and offices are susceptible to traffic congestions. Raising the parking fee in these areas is likely to take them out of the reach of students and thus reduce traffic. Following the laws of economics, reducing the demand increases the supply. Therefore, increasing the prices of parking tickets in vital areas is bound to reduce the strain of parking problems on the campus. However, there is still a predicament with this approach because it requires all people to pay for parking. By extension, all members of staff and special needs groups with no alternative would fall victim to the plan. Therefore, despite the merits of this plan, it raises other problems (Kilbert and Tali 65).

Multi-keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data

Multi-keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data Now a days cloud computing has become more popular, so more information possessors are actuated to their information to cloud servers for great convenience and less monetary value in data management. However, sensible information should be encrypted before outsourcing for public. In this paper the problem of a secure multi-keyword search on cloud is solved by using encryption of data before it actually used. Which are continuously supports dynamic modify operation like insertion and deletion of the documents. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Ranked based search, Download frequency, Multikeyword search, Encrypted cloud data, Synonym query. Introduction Cloud computing has become new model which handles large resources of computing. Services provided by the cloud computing is storage and on demand services, both the individuals and organizations are motivated to the cloud. Instead of purchasing software and hardware devices. Cloud provides secure online storage and there is no loss of data, the data is available at anytime and anywhere. Paper shows the general approach for data protection is to encrypt the data by using AES algorithm. The simple method for downloading data is decrypts it locally, because consumers want to search needed data rather than all. In this way it is essential to investigate a productive and successful search benefit over encrypted outsourced information. The current search approaches like ranked search, multi-keyword search that empowers the cloud clients to locate the most pertinent information rapidly. It likewise decreases the system activity by sending the most important information to client asks. However, in genuine search situation it may be conceivable that client searches with the equivalent words of the predefined keywords not the correct keywords, because of absence of the clients correct information about the information. LITERATURE SURVEY Zhangjie Fu, Xingming Sun, Nigel Linge and Lu Zhou [2] proposed a successful way to deal with take care of the issue of multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud information supporting synonym queries. To address multi- keyword search and result positioning, Vector Space Model (VSM) is utilized to build document index that is to  state, each document is communicated as a vector where each dimension value is the Term Frequency (TF) weight of its comparing keyword. Another vector is additionally produced in the question stage. The vector has a similar dimension with document index and its each dimension value is the Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) weight. At that point cosine measure can be utilized to register comparability of one document to the search inquiry. To enhance search proficiency, a tree-based index structure which is an adjust paired tree is utilized. C. Wang, N. Cao, J. Li, K. Ren, and W. Lou [3] developed the Ranked search that increases system usability by returning the relevant files in a ranked order.(e.g., keyword frequency). In this state-of-the-art searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) security definition used for increasing its efficiency. They have also proposed the existing cryptographic primitive, order preserving Symmetric encryption (OPSE) for searching matching files. W. Sun, B. Wang, N. Cao, M. Li, W. Lou, and Y. T. Hou [5] proposed a method to address the problem of similarity-based ranking is privacy-preserving multi-keyword text search (MTS) scheme. They also presented the search index based on the vector space model, i.e., cosine measure, and TF IDF weight to achieve high level of search accuracy and to support a multi-keyword queries with search ranking functionalities. PROBLEM STATEMENT Many associations and organizations store their more significant data in cloud to protect their information from infection and hacking. The advantage of new computing is it looks deeply for cloud clients. Rank search enhances framework ease of use by ordinary coordinating records in a ranked arrange with respect to certain importance criteria (e.g. Keyword and download frequency). As straight forwardly outsourcing significance scores will trickles a great deal of delicate data against the keyword security, to solve this problem we proposed asymmetric encryption with ranking consequence of query information which will give just expected information. Proposed System Fig. 1. System Architecture of Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data. Keyword Expansion To enhance the accuracy of search results, the keywords are removed from outsourced content documents required to be stretched out by regular synonyms or comparable words, as cloud customers, searching information may be the synonyms of the predefined keywords. Upload Encrypted Data After expansion of keywords the data owner assist data with encrypting the document utilizing AES Algorithm and after that upload the encrypted document to the cloud for storage reason. This permits data owner to store their secret key in extremely secure way without presenting it to the clients of framework. For this, secret key is put away again in encrypted frame. Search Module This module helps clients to enter their query keyword to get the most important documents from set of uploaded documents. This module recovers the documents from cloud which coordinates the query keyword. Rank Generation In data recovery, a positioning capacity is as a rule used to assess relevant scores of coordinating documents to a demand. The rank capacity in view of the term recurrence (TF) and converse document recurrence (IDF) is utilized as a part of expanded organize i.e. TF-IDF. Additionally this framework gives client most mainstream documents for their keywords by examining history of most downloaded documents for specific inquiry keywords. Download Ranked Results Clients can download the resultant arrangement of documents just if he/she is approved client who has allowed consent from data owner to download specific document. Owner will send encrypted secret key and session key to client to decrypt the document. Methodologies AES algorithm AES is an iterative instead of Feistel cipher. It depends on substitution-permutation network. It contains an arrangement of linked operations, some of which include supplanting inputs by particular yields (substitutions) and others include rearranging bits around (permutations). Strangely, AES plays out every one of its calculations on bytes instead of bits. Steps for AES algorithm: Create a random key for symmetric encryption of user facts. Encrypt the records the use of this random key. Encrypt the random key the use of asymmetric encryption. Send the encrypted message and the encrypted key to the receiver of searched results. Henceforth, AES treats the 128 bits of a plaintext obstruct as 16 bytes. These 16 bytes are organized in four columns and four rows for preparing as a matrix. TF-IDF TF: TF (t) = (Number of times term t appears in a document) / (Total number of terms in the document). IDF: IDF (t) = log_e (Total number of documents / Number of Documents with term t in it). CONCLUSION The multi-keyword ranked methodology results in the more effective search handle which diminishes the network traffic and download bandwidth. It gives back the precisely matched documents, and also the records which incorporate the terms semantically significant to the question keyword. It offers fitting semantic separation between terms to achieve the question keyword expansion. The encryption has been executed to ensure the security also, efficiency of information, before it is outsourced to cloud, and gives protection to datasets, indexes and keywords. REFERENCES [1] Zhihua Xia, Xinhui Wang, Xingming Sun, Qian Wang,A Secure and Dynamic Multi-keyword Ranked Search Schema over Encrpted Cloud Data, IEEE Transactions On Parallel And Distributed Systems,Vol:PP No:99 ,Year 2015 [2] Zhangie Fu, Xingming Sun, Nigel Linge, Lu Zhou, Achieving Effective Cloud Search Services: Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Over Encrypted Cloud Data Supporting Synonym Query, IEEE Transactions On Consumer Electronics, Vol 60, No. 1, February 2014 [3] C. Wang, N. Cao, J. Li, K. Ren, and W. Lou, Secure ranked keyword search over encrypted cloud data,Proceedings of IEEE 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 253-262,2010. [4] Q. Chai, and G. Gong, Verifiable symmetric searchable encryption for semi-honest-but-curious cloud servers, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸12), pp. 917-922, 2012. [5] W. Sun, B. Wang, N. Cao, M. Li, W. Lou, and Y. T. Hou, Privacy preserving multi-keyword text search in the cloud supporting similarity based ranking, ASIA CCS 2013, Hangzhou, China, May 2013, ACM pp. 71-82, 2013.

Econ 561 Profit Analysis Question 2 LO3 Essay

2-8(Key Question) With current technology, suppose a firm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also, assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 units of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. If the firm can sell these 400 units at $2 per unit, will it continue to produce banana bread? If this firm’s situation is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow to or away from this bakery good? Total Profits = Total Cost – Total Revenue Total Cost = Presource * Qresource and Total Revenue = Price * Qsold Total Cost = ($40 * 5 units of labor) + ($60 * 7 units of land) + ($60 * 2 units of capital) + ($20 * 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability) = $200 + $420 + $120 + $20 = $760. Total Revenue = $2 * 400 loaves of banana bread = $800. Total Profits = $800 – $760 = $40. The firm will continue to produce as it is earning economic profits. If this firm is typical of the banana bread industry, more resources will flow toward banana bread as other potential firms are attracted to the economic profits in the industry. 2-9 (Key Question) Assume that a business firm finds that its profit it greatest when it produces $40 worth of product A. Suppose also that each of the three techniques shown in the table on page 43 will produce the desired output. Resource Units Required Resource Price per unit of resource Technique 1 Technique 2 Technique 3 Labor Land Capital Entrepreneurial ability 4 a.With the resource prices shown, which technique will the firm choose? Why? Will production entail profit or losses? What will be the amount of profit or loss? Will the industry expand or contract? When will that expansion end? b.Assume now that a new technique, technique 4, is developed. It combines 2 units of labor, 2 of land, 6 of capital, and 3 of entrepreneurial ability. In view of the resource prices in the table, will the firm adopt the new technique? Explain your answer. c.Suppose that an increase in labor supply causes the price of labor to fall to $1.50 per unit, all other resource prices being unchanged. Which technique will the producer now choose? Explain. d.â€Å"The market system causes the economy to conserve most in the use of those resources that are particularly scarce in supply. Resources that are scarcest relative to the demand for them have  the highest prices. As a result, producers use these resources as sparingly as is possible.† Evaluate this state ment. Does your answer to part c, above, bear out this contention? Explain. (a)The firm will choose technique 2 because it produces the output at the least cost ($34 compared to $35 for techniques 1 and 3). Economic profit will be $6 (= $40 – $34), causing the industry to expand. Expansion in this industry will continue until prices decline to where total revenue equals total cost of $34 and no additional firms will want to enter the industry. (b)The firm will adopt technique 4 because its cost is now lowest at $32. (c)The firm will choose technique 1 because its cost is now lowest at $27.50. (d)The statement is logical. Increasing scarcity of a resource causes its price to rise. Firms ignoring higher resource prices will become high-cost producers. Firms switching to the less expensive inputs become lower-cost producers and earn higher profits than high-cost producers. The market system, therefore, forces producers to conserve on the use of highly scarce resources. Question 9c confirms this: Technique 1 was adopted because labor had become less expensive. 2‑10(Key Question) Some large hardware stores such as Home Depot boast of carrying as many as 20,000 different products in each store. What motivated the producers of those individuals to make them and offer them for sale? How did producers decide on the best combinations of resources to use? Who made these resources available, and why? Who decides whether these particular hardware products should continue to be produced and offered for sale? The quest for profit led firms to produce these goods. Producers looked for and found the least-cost combination of resources in producing their output. Resource suppliers, seeking income, made these resources available. Consumers, through their dollar votes, ultimately decide on what will continue to be produced.

The Pitfall of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples

The Pitfall of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples The Hidden Treasure of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples When people online aren't polite, they don't fret about their tone in any way, and it offends people. Even though the writer's ideas are usually understandable, the constraint of language is often immature. If you find a point that resonated, then keep this in mind while you score yourself. The second point, that making connections is a kind of thinking which can be taught, can't be proven until the very first point has been sufficiently supported. Through such resources, you are going to discover the precise meanings of words in addition to knowledge about the content of what you're reading. Here are a few suggestions for strategies to use this resource effectively. When you have your resources assembled, you may not be sure how to use them. Similar resources are available on the internet or as computer computer software. What You Should Do About 2007 Ap Language Te st Essay Samples Starting in the Next Eight Minutes One of the absolute most helpful things is to just become knowledgeable about the format of the exam and the types of questions that you may be asked. There are a lot of ways away from the classroom to guarantee success on the spring exam. To have the ability to score yourself be a greater score, your support has to be thorough. You don't need to find every question correct to get the maximum score (800) for the test. It can only raise your score. If you wish to track your scores, you can earn a totally free account with Varsity Tutors, but it's not essential in order to access the quizzes. One way to boost your score is to at all times analyze the questions which you get wrong on the practice tests. Ok, I Think I Understand 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples, Now Tell Me About 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples! All the questions within this section have equal price. A couple of reviewers do note that if you're already a cozy Japanese-speaker, you might use this guide to get ready for the test by brushing up on test-taking practices. The results page provides you with feedback that may help you produce your very own distinctive AP English study guide, and also comprises each of the helpful metrics you receive from the normal practice tests. Sample responses to every one of the questions are given that you cross reference what you may have said after the test. These seven sample essays respond to a range of thought-provoking questions. Sample questions are helpful in they will prepare you for what you are able to expect and what type of thinking you will have to do on exam day. It's intended to function as a grammar refresher before the huge test. Replace a number of the cliched language. The Lost Secret of 2007 Ap Language Test Essay Samples Once you select the essay back up at the close of the week, then you may read the totally free response like you're an outsider scoring your paper. The AP English argument FRQ has become the most straightforward of the AP English FRQs since it is the most like essays you're already utilized to writing. In the event the answer is yes, attempt to structure your argument in order for your points build off one another. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. This technique will allow you to read with increased understanding and far better recollection. Your usage of the English language, however, also plays a part in the potency of your response. But, it's not a good option if you're still perfecting your comprehension of the language. This provides you a fantastic chance to practice your language skills in an appropriate context. Your goal is to persuade, and having convincing evidence is essential. The essays test your writing ability in a number of modes and for a variety of uses. It's very beneficial to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. This is definitely the most productive way of delivering the thesis.

AP Human Geography Religion Notes Essay - 1830 Words

Religion Unit Essay Notes 1. Secularism began to arise with the seperation of church and state in Europe. A. Why is this so? (Deblij 207, 222-224) Secularism is the indifference to or rejection of formal religion. The most secular countries today are in Europe. Secularism has become more widespread during the past century due to the rise in democracy. Democratic governments disadvantage the traditional practices of a religion because they offer freedom, whereas other forms of government may force its population to practice a specific religion. For example, the predominance of Islam in the Middle East can be associated with the influence of Taliban, a militant movement in the area that enforces the Islamic religion. B. How does†¦show more content†¦A religious person can serve God by cultivating the land, draining wetlands, clearing forests, building new settlements, and otherwise making productive use of natural features that God created. As the very creator itself, God is more powerful than any forc e of nature, and if in conflict, the laws of God take precedence over laws of nature. 3. Compare and contrast Sunni and Shia Muslims origins, practices, customs, and beliefs. Adherents to Islam are required to observe the five pillars of Islam (repeated expression of the basic creed, frequet prayer, a month of daytime fasting, almsgiving, and, if possible, at least one pilgrimage to Mecca in ones lifetime). The faith dictates behavior in other spheres of life as well. Islam forbids alcohol, smoking, and gambling. In Islamic settlements, the people build mosques to observe the Friday prayer and to serve as social gathering places. But Islam, like all other major religions, is divided - principally between Sunni Muslims (83 percent of Muslims), and the Shiites (16 percent of Muslims) mostly concentrated in Iran. The religions main division between Sunni and Shiite occured almist immediately after Muhammads death, and it was caused by a conflict over his succession. Muhammad died in 632 CE, and to some, the rightful heir to the Prophets caliphate (areaShow MoreRelatedAp Human Geography - Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesWelcome to AP Human Geography Ms. Anderson Phone: 548-4051 room 112 E-mail: panderso@hs.spotsylvania.k12.va.us Course Description: The new college-level social studies course provides students with the opportunity to identify and analyze contemporary concerns and problems from local, national, and global perspectives in Human Geography. Using geographical tools and skills, we will explore issues such as population distribution and composition, cultural patterns and processes, political organizationRead MoreThe s People, Jared Diamond s Guns, Germs, And Steel : The Fates Of Human Societies1634 Words   |  7 PagesJohn T. 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